Flour is a big part of making things homemade, and to be completely honest, making things homemade is the best way to eat vegan. Yes, we all love the instant microwaveable vegan treats you can get in the frozen food section, but can you compare that to something hot and fresh out of the oven? I rest my case.
Before venturing into the world of baking without your armory of ingredient knowledge, let’s go over some basics. There are several types of flours out there. I’m not just talking about white and wheat flour either. There are flours like white, wheat, oatmeal, chickpea, semolina, rice, rye, tapioca, potato, and many, many others. Within each type of grain, there are different consistencies, species, and textures of flour. The most popular types are all-purpose, bread, pastry, cake, and bleached.
White flour is actually made from the wheat plant. The difference is that white flour is made from the endosperm of the grain. This is only utilizing the starchy part of the grain and leaving the protein and bran part behind. Whole wheat, on the other hand, is made using the whole grain, so all three parts of the grain are present.
Bleached flour is every health nut’s enemy, because the grains are artificially aged and “whitened” using chemical processes. It takes away some of the protein content in order to get a whiter product. It is usually suggested for pastry products, but there are healthier choices to make.
Other flours like oatmeal, chickpea, semolina, rice, rye, tapioca, and potato have their own usefulness. They can add unique flavors to recipes that call for regular flour, and they also have some unique uses. Semolina, for instance, usually not to be used in place of regular flour, is used for making pasta.
If you are conscious about your health, the best common flour to use is whole wheat or working with whole grain. Whole grain in recipes is an entirely different set of cooking, so let’s stick with whole wheat at the moment. When using whole wheat, you are getting all the health benefits of the entire grain. For those of you who have CD (Celiac Disease), the next best alternative would be brown rice flour. Most rice products at health food stores are more in your interest.
Within whole wheat there are many different flours, but the most commonly found are all-purpose, bread, and pastry. Bread flours are made from harder wheat grains, pastry flours are made from softer wheat grains, and all-purpose is made from a combination of the two. My rule of thumb at home is to always have bread and pastry whole wheat flour on hand. The bread flour is what you will want to use in any recipes where you are using yeast. When using baking powder, baking soda, or crème of tartar it is best to use the pastry flour. Cake flour is also good to have on hand if you plan to bake a cake since it is more finely milled than pastry flour, but otherwise, pastry flour will do just fine.
Be careful of what recipe you are making. The more you knead dough, the more of the gluten that is activated in it. If you are making a recipe that calls for more rubbery dough, then knead away! Otherwise, be very careful not to over process the flour as you are working with it.
Sometimes people are very disappointed when using whole wheat,
because they expect it to look just like the white flour except be wheat. Unfortunately, this is not the case. It is best to use recipes designed for whole wheat instead of just substituting for the white. This is because white flour has more gluten content in it since it does not contain the protein and bran that whole wheat does. The best solution for this is to add vital wheat gluten that can be found in most health food stores and using additional leavenings. This means more egg replacer, yeast, baking powder, or whatever your recipe is using. Egg replacer acts like eggs do in your baked good giving it more structure and binding your ingredients together better.
With a good bit of flour knowledge, you should be ready to traverse the beginnings of home baking. So put up your apron shield and break out your mixing spoon to get your cook on! Ok, so that was cheesy. Go bake, have fun, yay. . .
Soon I will be posting a video of making homemade whole wheat bread, so check back soon!